Abstract: In view of the current situation that power distribution equipment has many points, wide areas and is easy to cause serious accidents due to overheating, this paper designs a passive wireless temperature monitoring system based on UHF RFID, describes the working principle and technical indicators of the passive wireless temperature monitoring technology, and verifies its temperature measurement accuracy. The test results show that the temperature measurement accuracy is better than the specification requirements; A typical passive wireless temperature monitoring system architecture is designed, and through the study of the structural characteristics of power equipment and the structural form of sensors, the adaptive design is carried out to meet the temperature measurement requirements of different power distribution equipment; Finally, the advantages and practicability of this temperature measurement technology are verified through several practical application cases.