Abstract: The distribution network bears the heavy responsibility of directly supplying power to users, and substation buildings are the core part of the distribution network. Effective inspection of substation buildings directly affects the reliability of power supply and the quality of user electricity. Remote intelligent inspection technology can greatly improve the efficiency and quality of equipment inspections in distribution stations, as well as accelerate emergency response times. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as a new technology for remote intelligent inspection have advantages such as flexible perspectives, precise positioning, and clear imaging. Their significant role in power grid inspections has been verified in transmission and distribution line inspections; however, their application for autonomous inspection inside substation buildings is just beginning. This article analyzes the advantages, challenges, and technical routes for indoor UAV inspections. Specific application requirements for autonomous inspection in substation buildings are proposed, along with practical cases and application scenarios that validate the feasibility of using indoor UAVs for substation building inspections.