Abstract: In the thunderstorm season of 2020, the arrester of the 10 kV distribution line in a certain area has a large-scale burst failure, which has brought great pressure to the operation and maintenance of the power grid. In order to comprehensively analyze the cause of the failure, we made an in-depth analysis from the perspectives of lightning strikes in the region, comparison of the breakdown with normal arresters, diagnostic tests, and theoretical reasoning. Recommendations and Actions.