Abstract: Under the policy background of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality", the development of prefabricated buildings has become an important measure for our country to promote the reform of the construction industry. Based on the design and construction experience of prefabricated substations in Zhejiang Province in recent years, this paper analyzes the application scope of steel structure buildings and the necessity of using steel structure for the main buildings in substations from the perspectives of use requirements, structural performance, and investment control.