Abstract: With the development of science and technology and the increasingly close relationship between power work, high-tech represented by artificial intelligence is increasingly applied to power practice. It further drives the development of intelligent perception and fault diagnosis of 10 kV distribution network. It ensures the safe and reliable operation of the distribution network. It also promotes the construction of new power systems. Based on the current development of electric power practice, this paper discusses the specific application of artificial intelligence in intelligent perception and fault diagnosis of 10 kV distribution network. And on this basis, combined with the actual case to further analysis. It is hoped that this can provide some reference for intelligent perception and fault diagnosis of 10 kV distribution network based on artificial intelligence.