Abstract: The acceleration of the "double carbon" process and the energy transformation have enabled a large number of new energy to be connected to the rural low-voltage distribution network. The new power system brings pressure to the safe and stable operation of rural distribution network. Low-voltage distribution network topology monitoring and analysis is one of the important links of distribution network equipment management. Effective real-time monitoring and analysis can improve the stability of distribution network operation. In the new power system, it is necessary to dynamically track and identify the topology state of the low-voltage distribution network to provide basic data support for equipment management and other work. Through the research of low-voltage distribution network topology monitoring and parameter identification technology, accurate modeling of low-voltage distribution network is realized; Research a new low-voltage distribution network topology analysis algorithm to realize automatic identification of low-voltage distribution network topology changes; Develop physical layer equipment prototype and complete demonstration system development. Finally, the low-voltage distribution network topology dynamic identification system including physical layer equipment and server system is realized.