Abstract: As a common natural disaster, lightning will pose a certain threat to the stable operation of the power system. Among all grid faults, the number of faults with lightning strike as the main inducement accounts for about one third of the total faults. In mountainous areas, there are many lightning stroke faults due to the large topographic relief, high soil resistivity and frequent lightning activities. In order to solve this problem, this paper analyzes and summarizes various power grid lightning protection methods, compares various lightning protection methods, and clarifies the advantages and disadvantages of various lightning protection methods. Aiming at the characteristics of high resistivity and poor power grid operating environment in mountainous areas, the traditional lightning protection technology is optimized. Provide technical support for ensuring the stable operation of power system.